Stimming is a term often used to describe repetitive behaviours or movements that are common among individuals with autism or ADHD. These actions help with self-regulation by providing sensory input or releasing built-up energy. In this guide, we’ll explore what stimming is, the different forms it can take, why it happens, and how it can support emotional regulation.
What Is Stimming?
Stimming refers to a wide range of behaviours or movements that individuals use to cope with sensory overload, communicate needs, or regulate emotions. Common examples include hand-flapping, rocking, or repeating sounds. These actions are completely natural and can be a healthy way for individuals to process sensory input.
Forms of Stimming
Stimming can present in many different ways. Some of the most common types include:
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Visual stimming: such as staring at lights, blinking rapidly, or watching spinning objects
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Auditory stimming: like tapping surfaces, repeating certain words or sounds, or humming
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Vocal stimming: repeating phrases, making specific noises, echolalia (repeating others’ speech), or singing
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Tactile stimming: rubbing textures, scratching, or stroking certain materials
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Movement-based stimming: jumping, pacing, spinning, or rocking
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Olfactory or taste stimming: smelling objects repeatedly or chewing
Each person's stimming is unique and may vary throughout the day or in different environments.
Why Do People Stim?
People stim for various reasons, including:
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To manage sensory overload or understimulation
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To express emotions like excitement, stress, or anxiety
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To help focus or calm down in unfamiliar or challenging environments
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As a form of non-verbal communication
The Role of Sensory Processing in Stimming
Sensory processing is how our brains interpret input like sound, touch, light, or movement. For individuals with autism or ADHD, sensory processing can differ, creating a need for either more or less sensory input. Stimming becomes a self-directed way to regulate these experiences and regain comfort or focus.
Common Sensory Inputs That May Trigger Stimming
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Bright lights or strong visual stimuli
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Loud environments or unexpected noises
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Uncomfortable textures or certain clothing fabrics
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Overwhelming physical activity or stillness
Supporting Stimming in a Positive Way
Stimming is often misunderstood, but it’s important to recognise that it's a helpful, purposeful action for many individuals. In most cases, it does not need to be stopped unless it’s causing harm.
Tools and Toys to Support Stimming
There are many tools and sensory toys that can support healthy stimming:
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Fidget toys: like spinners, cubes, or stretchy bands
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Chewable jewellery: designed for safe oral stimming
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Weighted blankets or lap pads: for calming deep-pressure input
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Tactile objects: such as textured fabrics, sensory balls, or kinetic sand
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Noise-cancelling headphones: to manage auditory overload
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Visual toys: like glitter wands, bubble tubes, or fibre-optic lights
These can provide safe, satisfying input and help with emotional regulation and focus.
Communication Strategies Around Stimming
Stimming may also serve as a form of communication, especially for non-speaking individuals or those who struggle with verbal expression. Understanding this can help caregivers, teachers, and peers respond with empathy.
Supporting Communication Through Stimming
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Provide alternative outlets for self-regulation, like fidget toys or stress balls
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Observe when stimming occurs to identify triggers or patterns
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Use visual aids, AAC tools, or simple language to support emotional expression
Educational Resources for Understanding Stimming (UK-based)
To explore more about stimming, neurodivergent support, and sensory needs, here are some useful UK-based resources:
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National Autistic Society – autism.org.uk: In-depth information and family resources
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Ambitious About Autism – ambitiousaboutautism.org.uk: Practical advice and educational support
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Contact – contact.org.uk: Resources for families of children with disabilities
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ADDISS – addiss.co.uk: UK-based ADHD charity with support and resources
Embrace Stimming as a Tool for Self-Regulation
Stimming is not only a natural behaviour but also a powerful tool for self-regulation and communication. By understanding its purpose and supporting it with appropriate tools, we can help neurodivergent individuals thrive. Whether it’s through movement, sound, or touch, stimming is a vital way for many people to feel safe, focused, and calm. It should be respected and embraced.